通常我们考虑将控制系统网络化,主要将网络化与现场总线联系在一起。在控制领域较有影响的现场总线系统有:FF、LonWorks、Profibus、CAN、HART,以及RS485的总线网络等。现场总线基金会己经制定的统一标准((FF),其慢速总线标准Hl已得到通过成为国际标准,其高速总线标准H2还在制订中。但是由于商业利润、技术垄断等原因,现场总线产品仍然是百花齐放的局面,这对降低系统成本,扩大应用范围产生不利影响。
以太网已经得到广泛应用,主流产品的速度己经达到100Mbps,千兆以太网也己经投入使用,其网络产品和软件发展速度很快。以太网以成本低、组网方便、软硬件丰富、可靠性高等特点得到了广泛的认可。
Internet飞速发展的主要原因在于以太网和TCP/IP协议的广泛应用,TCP/IP协议是极其灵活的,几乎所有的网络底层技术都可用于传输TCP/IP的通信。应用TCP/IP的以太网已经成为的分组交换局域网技术,同时也是开放性的网络技术。
由此,我们考虑将Internet及其相关技术集成到现有控制系统中,利用Internet上开放的、并且己经成熟的技术对现有的控制系统进行升级改造,加快工业企业的信息一控制一体化进程,不失为一种较为可行的问题解决方案
控制网络的发展,其基本趋势是逐渐趋向于开放性、透明的通讯协议。上述出现的问题,根本原因在于现场总线的开放性是有条件的、不彻底的。以太网具有传输速度高、低耗、易于安装和兼容性好等方面的优势,由于它支持几乎所有流行的网络协议,所以在商业系统中被广泛采用。近些年来,随着网络技术的发展,以太网进入了控制领域,形成了新型的以太网控制网络技术。这主要是由于工业自动化系统向分布化、智能化控制方面发展,开放的、透明的通讯协议是必然的要求。现场总线由于种类繁多,互不兼容,尚不能满足这一要求。而以太网的TCP/IP协议的开放性使得在工控领域通讯这一关键环节具有无可比拟的优势
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